Archive for the ‘Ubuntu’ Category

更新 Ubuntu

Wednesday, April 25th, 2007

上週末試一下更新 Ubuntu,從 Edgy 至 Feisty。玩 apt-get dist-upgrade 擺明是不輕鬆的了,絕對不指望能平安無事,果然。小問題就不說了,兩個大問題我覺得很搞笑,在這裏分享一下。

  1. 如果系統不是已經啟動 Apache 的話,是不能升級的。還有,如果在沒有啟動 Apache 的情況下玩 apt-get upgradeapt-get dist-upgrade,那麼因為已經換了某些套件,想啟動 Apache 已經太遲了,到時想雞先還是蛋先?Stupid.
  2. 不單系統升級,連帶硬碟也一起升級了。一夜之間,硬碟就由 /dev/hda 變成 /dev/sda。現在還未搞清楚,是否 libata 搞的鬼。

2007-04-26 更新:應該真是 libata 的問題。請看看回應

Ubuntu vs Debian — ready…fight! Round 137.

Monday, December 18th, 2006

因為私人理由,已經脱離了 OSS 的新聞許久,現在才來追看舊的新聞,發覺 Ubuntu 變得越來越有趣。Mark Shuttleworth 到 SuSE 的地盤勸喻別人「投誠」這個夠大膽了,我的印象中好像還未見過一個 Linux distribution 的頭領親身到別人的地盤點火的。JP Rosevear 的反擊也是不留情面,不過有個指控我看了有點觸動神經:

2) Preventing the Debian GNOME maintainer from updating GNOME packages until after Ubuntu LSO had shipped because you had hired him.

如果是真的話,那(在我的標準來說)是很陰毒的一招。為了查一查是否真的有這麼一回事,花了點時間找 blog site。(我沒有看 Debian mailing list 的習慣,而 Ubuntu 的又肯定絕口不會提這種事)最後找到一個,是 Debian developer 回應某個 blog,答案是:有一半是真的。同一個 developer (我估是 Sebastian?),在更新 Ubuntu 的 GNOME 時,完全忽略了 Debian 那邊,而且當時他是 Debian GNOME team 的主要人員。但為甚麼會這樣,就完全沒有提及了。

我自己作為一個局外人來揣測,這應該不是上頭發出不允許更新 Debian 套件這種卑鄙的命令,而是為保飯碗,「自動自覺」以工作為優先,別的事情都丢到一旁去。只不過就以往紀錄來看 Debian 的 GNOME team 同樣絲毫不值得維護,就算 Ubuntu 不存在,也一樣會比正式 tarball 落後一年。

剛才也說了,這只是局外人的小小揣測,看完就請忘了它,如果有知道內情的人請不吝賜教。我只是有興趣知道 Debian 和 Ubuntu 的對立白熱化後的盡頭會發生甚麼事。

下載 Ubuntu 的常用非自由軟件

Saturday, October 21st, 2006

這個其實算是自己的書籤,多於為了和所有人分享,因為不少地方已經有提及。但如果想看下去的話,先小人後君子,警告一下:絕對堅持甚麼都要自由軟件的人不要看下去,這篇網誌不是給衛道人士看的,而是給真正想使用 Linux 來工作或享受的用家看的。衛道人士請寫信給諸如 Microsoft、Apple 等大公司要求它們將 Windows Media Player、Quicktime 等軟件公開源碼和放棄所有相關的專利,不要問我為甚麼貼這篇東西出來。我只是簡簡單單地想用軟件,看想看的影片,聽想聽的歌,僅此而已。


首先,flash plugin 方面,只要尋找 flashplugin-nonfree 這個套件安裝便成,或者用指令 apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree 一句搞掂。

Dapper 的用家如果想要最新的 flash plugin,就需要加入 dapper-backport 套件來源,或者自行下載套件了。


之後幾處都需要另行加入套件來源,還要加入相關套件來源的 gpg 鑰匙,用來檢驗套件的可信性。假設一個套件來源的 gpg 鑰匙是 0×12345678,那麼就執行以下指令:

gpg –keyserver subkeys.pgp.net –recv-key 0×12345678
gpg –export -a 0×12345678 | sudo apt-key add -


想不到 Canonical 另起爐灶,架一個新的伺服器來存放商業軟件 — 主要是 OperaRealplayer(而且應該是得到兩間公司授權的)。設定方面,取決於是使用 Dapper 還是 Edgy,sources.list 的內容有一點點不同。

Dapper:

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main

Edgy:

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu edgy-commercial main

注意:雖然說是這樣說,但我自己無法成功用 apt-get 安裝這裏的 opera 和 real player。


Canonical 的 Opera 套件略嫌更新不夠快,如果想要最新版的 Opera,還是到 Opera 自己的站下載比較好。雖然套件主要是給 Debian 而不是 Ubuntu,但我用了一段時間,沒發現甚麼問題,也未試過 crash。sources.list 設定如下:

deb http://deb.opera.com/opera etch non-free

之不過,這裏有個竅門,就是安裝 opera-static套件,而不是 opera。Debian 和 Ubuntu 之間的軟件版本有點出入,遇到 C++ 或 Qt 版本不同時,軟件不穩定或完全不能用的機會很大(能用的話只能算是好彩)。相反地,將 Qt 或 libstdc++ 等作為 static library 嵌入 binary 裏面,在不同的 Linux 能使用的機會就大得多,雖然佔位多一些,但比起冒別的風險來說,絕對超值。

Opera 自己使用的 gpg key 為 0x6A423791


最後,PLF 是個絕對不可或缺的來源,想播 wma, wmv, quicktime,還有 DVD 等等少不了它的份。以往用 Mandriva 的年代就是多得 PLF 才能用得比較舒服。想不到早些時候 PLF 連 Ubuntu 也參一腳。更想不到的是,玩一會之後又說不維護,那算甚麼意思?但無論如何,對用家來說它有它的價值存在。PLF 的 gpg key 為 0x12B83718sources.list 的內容為:

Dapper:

deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ dapper free non-free

Edgy:

deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ edgy-plf free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ edgy-plf free non-free

相信 PLF 其中兩個最重要的套件就是 w32codecslibdvdcss2,第一個不用我多說了,沒了它的話,mplayer, xine, vlc 等等都是半件垃圾;libdvdcss2 則是用來將 DVD 解密,缺少它就不用指望看絕大部份的 DVD。

這個計劃結束了真是很可惜,反正我也會用到,姑且看看稍後有沒有空閒,可以參與 PLF Ubuntu,幫忙更新一下套件。當然,是指我有空餘時間的情況之下。

‘Quality Control’ of Rosetta

Thursday, August 17th, 2006

Quoting from Matthew East:

The way to control who translates what in Rosetta is to control membership of the translation team. This is what is done in every single project where quality control is important - development, upstream translation, documentation. The way to fix this situation is to make sure that the translation teams are aware of the styleguides *before* they are given the right to commit directly to the Ubuntu distribution.

Rosetta does not allow Ubuntu translator teams to disturb KDE translations, or any other translations except for Ubuntu translations. Equally, an Ubuntu developer cannot commit a patch to KDE code upstream without also being a KDE developer.

At the same time, an individual cannot commit changes to Ubuntu translations unless he is a member of the Ubuntu translator team. This membership is the key stage in the quality assurance of Ubuntu translation, and in the same way that you control who has commit rights to the KDE repository, only trusted people should be added to the Ubuntu translator team.

Finally, I understand why Ubuntu translation process and upstream software translations have so much conflict. It is decided that, you are on your own if the Ubuntu translation team is set to open membership, and poor quality resulted from random people jumping in is solely the team’s own responsibility.

Why Ubuntu distribute non-free software?

Monday, July 3rd, 2006

There has already been some negative comment about Ubuntu bundling non-free drivers, like nVidia, ATI and some wireless device firmware. For example, Pascal Terjan has written something about that, and surely Richard Stallman’s annotation on Ubuntu CD cover shouldn’t be forgotten as well.

I’m not going to discuss the ethics behind the matter, as no conclusion would never exist. My point is that, Ubuntu has been quite clever about getting the support of mass Joe users. What users care is not how free the drivers are, they just want to use it. Plain and simple. And by downplaying the discussion and claiming they only include free software, they managed to catch the attention of mass users that it just works.

This is quite similar to what Mandriva Linux has done to multimedia application in contrast to Red Hat/Fedora. By (in)famously disabling MP3 support in XMMS and other similar applications, Red Hat has the reputation of unable to satisfy home entertainment need, and thus alienated users from that particular market. Bite the bullet and go ahead negotiating the distribution, that is one way to gain advantage for Linux distributions.

I think Ubuntu developers make this decision because some of the binary drivers are in fact redistributable. (I never remember there is any formal discussion so far.) For example, here is an excerpt of nVidia license:

Linux Exception. Notwithstanding the foregoing terms of Section 2.1.1, SOFTWARE designed exclusively for use on the Linux operating system may be copied and redistributed, provided that
the binary files thereof are not modified in any way (except for unzipping of compressed files).

I haven’t checked if all of the drivers are equally redistributable, but you see the point. Some of you may still remember Theo de Raadt has done some effort on making some wireless drivers redistributable. The point is redistribution, not free vs. non-free.

Rearrange my priority — forget Ubuntu for now

Monday, May 1st, 2006

Looks like Ubuntu isn’t really the future that most Asian users hoped. Yes, after the localization sprint more Asian users participated into shaping Ubuntu more suitable for Asian users, but still most internal Ubuntu staff don’t really think Asian market is a necessity for them. Things like fixing typo are more important than fixing UI in Asian locales; including python development packages is more important than including basic input methods for Asian languages. This is, in some sense, a logical consequence that Ubuntu has no Asian developers.

But I think I can’t put too much time to fight this uphill battle. I have to spend my time on supporting basic living requirements. Probably they will employ some knowledged people later, but I can’t care too much about it now. Hope they have success later.

People used to say, contribution is a hobby for those who have satisfactory basic life, and is looking for something more (except selected few who are lucky enough). I always have that feeling, but not as strong as now. Yes, this moment.

回溯:Ubuntu 第 4-5 日

Thursday, March 23rd, 2006

那兩天的記憶開始模糊了。不過可以肯定一點,就是工作進度很慢(特別是自己),有些懶散的感覺。同時,開始在附近買多些東西了。

最記得是第四日的晚上出外吃飯,大家都選不定位置,到最後是其中一個 developer 選了附近一間中國餐廳(因為門口是中文字,有點像篆書)。初時除了幾個在吃喝的客人之外,連半隻鬼也看不到,後來老闆娘(?) 才慢慢走出來。和她說了 “four cups of tea please”,她大喊「四杯茶」,嘿嘿,餐廳是香港人開的。

侍應除了老闆娘較老之外,還有嫩的一男一女,還以為她們是一家人,不過當問過其中一個之後才知嫩的只是打工。我要的所謂 “Imperial Fried Rice” 像極了福州炒飯,不過很多很多,我只能吃一半。

聽了 developer 們在談天,才知道原來卡斯特羅在古巴是極受歡迎的,很像新加坡的李光耀,用的是鐵腕政策,但不知為何很受人民愛戴。另外,美國一向將古巴孤立,但現在情況不同了。古巴和另一國家組成聯盟(忘了是哪個),在經濟上互惠互利,之後幾乎全南美都參加了,甚至本來和美國友好的國家都差不多全部倒戈,看來以後除了北美和歐盟之後會有第三大勢力出現。

最後一天因為其中兩個 developer 要參加另一個會議,只剩下一個,加上我和泰國的 helper 也只是三個人,更懶了。泰國 helper 的功課做得好,基本上 Ubuntu 是第一個完整地支援泰文的輸入和顯示的。不過我就差得多了,還要靠 atie、freeflying、minghua 等人作為主力,我只是旁邊稍為協助一下。

晚上 Mark 訂了位,在總部附近吃晚飯,不過不是同桌,Mark 之前已經有約和別的人同桌吃飯,我們三個則和之前走了的兩個 developer 一起吃。鴨胸肉味道不錯,比那個聖誕節的「滲血的石頭」好得多。

吃飯前曾到總部參觀一下,地方出奇地小,最多 500 呎左右,只是供管理人員坐的,所有 developer 都是在家工作。離開前拿了一兩片 CD(不是 Ubuntu 哦),但很可惜,不夠時間拿給 Mark 簽個名。